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Host defence peptides (HDPs)
We have identified and characterised a number novel of genes and HDPs in cattle and other species. These are naturally produced protective peptides with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. We are investigating ways to induce them to augment calves natural ability to fight infection |
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Immunity phenotypes
Like humans, not all cattle react with the same efficiency to pathogens, and this variation in immune response opens opportunities for tailored disease solutions. We are currently developing assays to identify calves with high and low immune responses and correlate those with disease and the response to vaccination. Calf immunogenetics and innate immunity
We have identified two versions of a gene (Interleukin 8) which is a master switch for neutrophils. Almost half of the Holstein-Freisian carry a version which confers higher gene and protein expression and is associated with a higher somatic cell count. We have identified two distinct versions of a gene, known as Interleukin 8, which is a master switch for neutrophils. While the jersey breed only has one of these versions, Holstein-Friesian have both and we are characterising the role of each version in immunity. Recent work by our group has also identified that dairy calves are low in Vitamin D at birth. Vitamin D has critical immune response functions. We are assessing if Vitamin D supplementation can enhance neutrophil function and enhance protection against mycobacteria which cause TB and Johne's disease. |
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Epigenetics and TB
We have recently been funded to investigate the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of M. bovis infection in cattle. |
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Adjuvant formulation and next generation vaccine design
Vaccine efficacy is variable across cattle populations particularly in calves when their adaptive immune system is under developed. Many subunit vaccines require multiple booster injections which adds cost and inconvenience. Our project is optimising adjuvant type and formulation to drive cellular immunity and enhance protection in calves. |
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Interactions between the immune and reproductive systems
Our work has shown that B-defensins (a family of HDPs) are highly expressed in the epididymis of the bull. We have shown that they coat sperm and enhance sperm binding to oviductal epithelium. We have also identified a haplotype associated with higher bull field fertility. |